1600-1800; Eastern N.AMERICA

1783

Cherokee - American WAR

started in 1776
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The WAR didn't end really, but continued officially without the British after the Treaty of Paris.

1783

Am. Revolutionary WAR ends

started in 1775
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American Revolutionary WAR ends with the Peace of Paris.

1776

Cherokee - American WAR

ended in 1783
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An official war started between the

Cherokee, led by Dragging Canoe, and the newly self declared

American Nation. In a way this huge war is seen by historians as the Southern Theatre of the American Revolutionary war, because the Cherokee (and the

Creek, the

Chickasaw and the

Shawnee) sided with the

British.

1776

The 4th of July: Independence Day

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Independence Hall

The First 13 colonies, who were in a way represented by the 'Founding Fathers', declared themselves independent and formed the

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

1776

The 'Founding Fathers'

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Independence Hall

The 'Founding Fathers' were the initiators and writers of the Declaration of Independence.

1775

Am. Revolutionary WAR

ended in 1783
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Museum
Turn
The Patriot

Lands for millennia inhabited by First Nation People were since, let's say the founding of St. Augustine by the

Spanish, colonized by West-Europeans. An unthinkable number of events had taken place in the next two centuries. The

Dutch ended New

Sweden. The

English swallowed the New

Netherlands and defeated the

French. In the meantime children were born and these children gave birth to children...
Clearly, they didn't have overseas bonds...
A new identity had developed; an

American identity...

1774

Lord Dunmore's WAR

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Point Pleasant

Hostilities arose in nowadays West-Virginia because of the use of hunting grounds by

Shawnee villagers; Lord Dunmore's War was a fact. The

British were victorious when the Battle of Point Pleasant was won.

1773

Boston Tea Party

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Museum

Citizens had become extremely unhappy about

British policies. Boxes of tea, which were ready to be shipped to Europe, were thrown overboard. Was this event what broke the camel's back?

1770

Boston Massacre

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Historical marker

A demonstration of friction escalated. British rifleman opened fire killing several Boston-citizens.

1767

Townshend Acts

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Outlander

The

British parliament enacted the Townshend Acts. Effectively adding tax to be paid on Britisch goods in the Colonies.

1766

Pontiac's WAR ends

started in 1763
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Following an earlier truce between the

Huron, the

Lenape, the

Shawnee and the

British (Bouquet's truce) and an earlier treaty between the British and the

Seneca, Pontiac travelled to New York and signed a Peace Treaty for the

Odawa as well.

1765

Quartering Act

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And again an Act was to be enacted. The new law provided a British standing army in America with privileges.

1765

Stamp Act

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And again citizens were hit by a cost increase. This Stamp Act was enacted so that on all (official) documents a tax was added. The British government in

England was the collecting organization.

1764

Sugar Act

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Citizens were more and more unhappy about

British policies. The enacted Sugar Act was one of the first.

1763

Royal Proclamation Line

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Eastern N-America

The Royal Proclamation Line, largely equal to the Eastern Continental Divide (connecting Appalachian Mountain tops), is nowadays also known as the Indian Magna Carta. At the time it became official that colonists were not allowed to settle in Indian Territory.

1763

Pontiac's WAR

ended in 1766
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First Nations west of the

British Colonies felt unsecure about the new situation. Guyasuta, a

Seneca leader, unbounded themselves from the

Haudenosaunee Confederation (still bonded with the British because of the Covenant Chain). Together with Pontiac, an

Odawa leader, and warriors of the many mainly previously

French allied First Nations rose up and took up arms.

1763

French & Indian WAR ends

started in 1754
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Last of the Mohicans

The war was lost for

France when Lieutenant General William Amherst decisively won the last Battle of Signal Hill. French resistance was over; all claimed lands in North America were ceded (except Saint Pierre and Miquelon). The territories in the west to the

Spanish and in the east to the

British (whereas the Mississippi River was the division line).

1755

Father Le Loutre's WAR ends

started in 1749
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The

English were victorious in the Battle of Fort Beauséjour. The Mi'kmaq were defeated; it meant the end of Father Le Loutre's War.

1754

French & Indian WAR

ended in 1763
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Last of the Mohicans

War after war had been started for more than seven decades. The tension was incredible. This war had battles won by either side. Both opponents were clearly ready to fight till the end. And so it happened; many, many lives were lost. How would this end?

1749

Father Le Loutre's WAR

ended in 1755
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The

English kept encroaching in Acadia. Another war was at hand.

1748

Ohio Company founded

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Statehouse

The

Ohio Company was founded to gain lands and block

French expansion.

1748

King George's WAR ends

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Peace was restored when the opponents on the European continent laid down their arms. The War of the Austrian Succession had ended on the 18th of October with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.

1744

King George's WAR

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And again, for the third time now, the

English and

French started warring on the Eastern North-American continent. Both were joined in battle by their long time allies.

1742

Invasion of Georgia

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St. Simons Island

The

Spaniard Manuel de Montiano invaded the

English Colony of Georgia, but was defeated at Bloody Marsh and Gully Hole Creek. Despite more skirmishes James Oglethorpe was successful in keeping the Colony of Georgia.

1740

Siege of St Augustine

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St. Augustine

The

English expedition by James Oglethorpe ended with a sudden pull back. The

Spanish were victorious.

1740

Siege of Fort Mose

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Fort Mose

An expedition was set up by the Governor of the Colony of

Georgia, Oglethorpe, to try and conquer St. Augustine (at the time the most important settlement in Florida). In preparation of the siege he firstly attacked a few other forts. Amongst these was Fort Mose which the

Spanish soon had recaptured.

1733

Georgia founded

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Historic District

Georgia became an official colony when James Oglethorpe secured a charter; Savannah was established as capital.

1729

Baltimore founded

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Historic ships

Baltimore founded mainly because of the need for a harbor to improve the tobacco trade.

1725

End of Dummer's WAR

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The war ended with Dummer's treaty.

1722

Dummer's WAR

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Dummer's WAR was about a border dispute.

1718

'Blackbeard' ambushed

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Museum

Edward Teach (Aka Blackbeard) ambushed and afterwards killed on Ocracoke Island.

1718

New Orleans founded

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French Quarter

New Orleans founded by J.B. Le Moyne.

1717

Yamasee war ended

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Yemassee

The war never really ended officially. Many

Yamasee people died or were enslaved. Those who fled in time joined the (lower)

Creek or, maybe later, the emerging

Seminoles.

1715

Yamasee WAR

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Yemassee

The

Yamasee (also spelled Yemassee) people were displeased with the outcome of the Tuscarora war; especially on the account of the English policy concerning slave trading. A next war in the region was at hand.

English settlers fled to Charles Town.

1715

Tuscarora war ended

started in 1711
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Monument

The

English were victorious. Most of the surviving

Tuscarora people moved to the North, where they were accepted as the 6th tribe of the

Haudenosaunee Confederacy.

1713

Queen Anne's WAR ended

started in 1702
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The war lasted for more than a decade; both in Europe as well as in America.

France was defeated and had to cede lands to the

British (f.e. Hudson Bay, Newfoundland and Acadia).

1711

Tuscarora WAR

ended in 1715
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Monument

After a long period of peace, which endured half a century, a war broke out between Southern

Tuscarora people and

English colonists.

1702

Queen Anne's WAR

ended in 1713
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Queen Anne's war was a widespread event. Battles took place in four different area's of Eastern North-America.

1701

The Great Peace of Montreal

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Place de la Grande-Paix

The

French and

Haudenosaunee signed a Peace Treaty; this actually ended the Beaver Wars.

1697

King William's WAR ended

started in 1688
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PortalToHistory

The 1st of the French and Indian Wars came to an end; a status quo ante bellum was agreed upon.

1693

College of William & Mary

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University

A college founded in 1693 was named after the

Dutch born Prince William of Orange and Mary Stuart, King and Queen of

England since 1689.

1688

King William's WAR

ended in 1697
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PortalToHistory

In North-America the

French and the

British both wanted a monopoly on fur trade. This was the main reason for the 1st French and Indian War.

1681

Pennsylvania granted

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Penn Museum

Pennsylvania granted by Charles II to William Penn.

1677

Susquehannock defeated

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Susquehannock

The

English had turned against their former ally since the signing of treaties with the Haudenosaunee. Though it was the

Haudenosaunee who decisively defeated the

Susquehannock. Part of the Beaver Wars.

1676

Bacon's Rebellion

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Jamestown

Nathanial Bacon and allied plantation-owners opposed to the policy concerning first nation people. Sir William Berkeley stood his ground and was not going to bend. It all escalated into a huge rebellion in which even Jamestown was demolished.

1676

King Philip's WAR ends

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War Monument
PortalToHistory

The war ended when resistance faded after the death of Metacomet at Mount Hope.

1675

King Philip's WAR

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War Monument
PortalToHistory

The

English had established a reasonable understanding with inhabitants of local tribes; in particular with the Wampanoag and their Sachem Massasoit. His son Metacomet originally continued this good trade relation. Though, the situation changed when in the East the

English wanted more land and in the West their traditional enemy, the Haudenosaunee, became more hostile.

1674

Haudenosaunee allied with English

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Haudenosaunee & English signed Treaties (within a Covenant Chain).
Part of the Beaver Wars.

1674

'Nieuw Nederland' ceased to exist

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New York

The Treaty of Westminster was signed in London. The

English claimed again 'Nieuw Nederland' on which the

Dutch had to agree upon; they had no choice. 'Nieuw Amsterdam' was renamed to New York.

1673

Restoration of 'Nieuw Nederland'

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New York

On the European Continent the

Netherlands were since 1672 (the disaster year) again at war with

England amongst wars with France and others. Despite the situation the Dutch Government wanted to retake 'Nieuw Nederland' and ordered Cornelius Evertsen to sail out; his mission was successful.

1673

Shipment of women diminished

started in 1663
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Quebec

The plan had worked and cities grew very well, though it was rather late; the

English remained very much ahead on the account of citizens. And therefore, the transportation of loads of

French women diminished.

1670

Charles Town founded

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Charleston

Charles Town founded in South-Carolina.

1670

Hudson Bay Company founded

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James Bay

The

Frenchmen Radisson and des Groseilliers didn't get the means from their superiors to start fur-trading in Northern regions. Mainly therefore they contacted the

English. With the support of the Duke of Cumberland, Prince Rupert, their efforts were viable and a trade relation with the

Cree was established. A new economically successful Company (HBC) was born, though hostilities between other local tribes,

New France and

New England increased.

1664

English claimed 'Nieuw Nederland'

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New York

The Dutch colonists surrendered without any real resistance at the time. Soon after New Amsterdam was renamed into New York.
Later, in 1667 a status quo was signed in a peace treaty (to end the 2nd Anglo-Dutch war); agreed was that the

Dutch kept Suriname in South-America and the

English kept the 'New Netherlands'.

1663

The Kings Daughters

ended in 1673
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Quebec

Despite the fact that

French fur traders explored the New World much sooner than other foreigners in Eastern N.Am., it was the

English settlements that grew more rapidly because of a policy focused on colonizing. After realizing this Louis XIV changed his concept and sent shipments with loads of women in just a decade.

1663

Haudenosaunee repulsed

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Susquehanna

With help from English troopers (provided by the

Maryland colony) the

Susquehannock initially repulsed the

Haudenosaunee. Part of the Beaver Wars.

1663

Province of Carolina officially founded

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Albemarle Sound

New official foundation of North Carolina because the old charter of 1629 ruled invalid.

1663

2nd Esopus WAR

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'Nieuw Dorp'

During the beginning of the 2nd War the

Dutch considered serious losses mainly because the

Esopus had set up a devious diversion (news about a total wipe out of 'Nieuw Dorp' came too late). Later that year the Dutch killed chief Papequanaehen whilst engaging attacks on Esopus villages.

1660

1st Esopus WAR ended

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Rondout

The

Dutch had bought time with scorched earth tactics until reinforcements came to repulse the

Esopus. Both parties concluded the 1st war with a trade-agreement: the Dutch gained land for food.

1659

1st Esopus WAR

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Rondout

The Esopus ferociously attacked

Dutch settlements because of the killing of

Esopus-workers by

Dutch colonists. Most probably this 1st War was initiated because of a misunderstanding.

1656

1st Mission in Apalachee lands

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Tallahassee

San Luis de Talimali built a mission to establish a more vast

Spanish foothold in Florida mainly by trying to proselytize the Apalachee (a

Muscogean tribe) and the

Timucuan.

1656

Erie People defeated

started in 1654
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After 2 years of resistence by the

Erie People it was the

Haudenosaunee Confederacy who extended their lands again.
Part of the Beaver Wars.

1655

New Sweden dissolved

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Museum

The

Dutchman Peter Stuyvesant recaptured Fort Casimir and ended

New Sweden permanently. The Fort was again renamed: 'Nieuw Amstel'.

1655

Peach Tree WAR

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Paulus Hook

A

Susquehannock attack on

Dutch settlements. Where the Dutch thenadays believed that it was a retaliation-act (they had killed a Wappinger woman for stealing a Peach), historians nowadays state that the Susquehannock attacked because the Dutch troops were away fighting

New Sweden.

1654

Fort Casimir captured

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New Castle

The

Dutch Fort Casimir was captured by

New Sweden; they renamed it into Fort Trinity. Now occupying all strongholds on the western side of the Delaware River meant safety was assured for

Swedish fur trading actions with the

Susquehannock and the

Lenape.

1654

Erie People attacked

ended in 1656
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Presque Isle

And again the

Haudenosaunee kept on warring. The Confederacy attacked the

Erie People (aka Eriehronon).
Part of the Beaver Wars.

1653

Wallstreet

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Stock Exchange

A conflictuous situation between the

Dutch and

English arose. Consequently, a wall was built on the northeastern boundary of New Amsterdam.

1651

Fort Casimir at 'de Zuyd'

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Historical Park

Fort Casimir was built south of the

Swedish Fort Christina to consolidate

Dutch presence on the shores of the Deleware River ('de Zuydrivier' in old Dutch).

1650

Chonnonton defeated

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Medway valley

The

Haudenosaunee Confederacy kept on expanding their territory and defeated the

Chonnonton (aka Neutral People), who were already weakened by European diseases (measles and smallpox) .
Part of the Beaver Wars.

1649

Huron defeated

started in 1648
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Museum

The

Haudenosaunee ferociously defeated the

Huron. Those villagers who survived were captured to be adopted into the Confederacy. As a consequence the

French lost their main fur supplier.
Part of the Beaver Wars.

1648

Haudenosaunee attacked Huron

ended in 1649
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Museum

Many

Huron villages were attacked by

Haudenosaunee warriors armed with guns (possesed through trade with Dutch colonists).
Part of the Beaver Wars.

1646

Fort Henry built

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Appomattox River

Fort Henry was built at the shores of the Appomattox river in Virginia near nowadays Petersburg.

1646

3rd Anglo-Powhatan WAR ends

started in 1644
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The

Powhatan Confederacy disintegrated after Opechancanough's death, though hostilities by the

English continued for a while.

1645

Kieft's WAR ends

started in 1643
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Harasment had become enormous and very frequent;

Lenape and many allies were fully compromised to revenge the massacres.
In 1645 a truce was agreed upon, though

'Nieuw Nederland' had completely lost its confidence in the area along 'de Noortrivier'.

1644

3rd Anglo-Powhatan WAR

ended in 1646
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After a period of peace the

Powhatan Chief Opechancanough again started to attack

English settlements.

1644

Pound Ridge Massacre

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Pound Ridge

A grievous night time attack was launched by

Dutch and

English colonials led by Captain John Underhill on a Wappinger village east of the 'Noortrivier' (one of the more dominant members of the

Lenape).

1643

Kieft's WAR

ended in 1645
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After Kieft's wrongful massacres

Dutch settlers were repeatedly harassed by

Lenape warriors. Soon other neighbouring tribes joined them in their actions.

1643

Slaughter of the innocents

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Communipaw
Corlears Hook

The killings of

Lenape men, women and children at Pavonia and Corlears Hook are recorded as 'the slaughter of the innocents'. Both massacres, initiated by the

Dutch Governor Willem Kieft, took place despite a negative consent of the Council of Twelve Men. This event clearly marks a period in which hostilities would become more frequent.

1642

Montreal founded

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Ville-Marie

The

Frenchman Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve founded Ville-Marie; a settlement near 'Mont Royale' which was soon called Montreal as well.

1640

enslavement in Virginia

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John Punch (a 12-generation grandfather of Barack Obama) has the unfortunate stigma of being considered by historians as the first official slave in Virginia.

1638

Fort Christina built

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Brandywine Creek

Whereas the

Dutchman, Flamish born, Samuel Blommaert had served The Netherlands his whole life, he secretly planned a

Swedish Expedition. He appointed the

Flamish Peter Minuit (former Governer of New Amsterdam) to take up command. With actually building Fort Christina on Brandywine Creek, a tributory of the nowadays Deleware river, the birth of

New Sweden was a fact (despite the

Dutch claim of the area surrounding the 'Zuyd rivier').

1638

Wenro ferociously defeated

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Niagara Falls

The

Wenro people were attacked by the

Haudenosaunee; survivors assimilated with the

Seneca (the most western member of the Haudenosaunee) or fled North-Westwards beyond the Niagara Falls.
Part of the Beaver Wars.

1638

Pequot WAR ends

started in 1636
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Museum

The

Pequot chief Sassacus sought refuge amongst the

Mohawk, though was instead murdered (head and hands brought to the

English). The

Pequot spirit was broken.

1637

Fairfield Swamp Fight

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Southport Park

Trying to flee westwards the remaining

Pequot warriors, including chief Sassacus, got surrounded by

English,

Narragansett and

Mohegan warriors. After 2 days of battle he and a small number of

Pequots somehow managed to flee.

1637

Mystic Massacre

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Mystic

The fortified

Pequot village next to the Mystic River was set ablaze by the

English. Those who tried to flee were shot.

1636

Rhode Island founded

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Rhode Island

Rhode Island founded by the

Englishman R. Williams.

1636

Pequot WAR

ended in 1638
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Museum

Unclear killings were the cause of war between

Pequots and

English colonists. The colonists got support from

Narragansett and

Mohegan warriors.

1635

Connecticut Colony founded

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Connecticut

A colony in Connecticut was founded by the

Englishman John Winthrop Junior.

1634

Maryland was being colonized

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Maryland

Settlers to Maryland; initiated by the

Englishman Cecil Calvert.

1634

Trois-Rivières permanently settled

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Trois Rivières

This spot was chosen for a settlement because of its position at the 'crossroads of rivers'.

French fur traders came from all directions to sell their goods, which were to be shipped via Quebec to the European Continent.

1632

2nd Anglo-Powhatan WAR ends

started in 1622
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Although peace was already declared in 1628 it became official in 1632.

1630

Puritans founded Massachusetts

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Massachusetts

Puritans, led by the

Englishman John Winthrop, founded Massachusetts.

1629

Charter: 'Vrijheden & Exemptiën'

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Headquarters

This charter was issued by the

Dutch WIC with the intention to get colonization on its way. Up till then the policy making focus had been on trade solely.

1629

New Hampshire founded

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New Hampshire

John Mason and Sir Ferdinando Gorges divided

English claims along the Piscataqua river. Mason called his area New Hampshire.

1628

Mohican defeated

started in 1625
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Rensselaer County
Last of the Mohicans

Mohican defeated by

Mohawks.
The first major conflict of the Beaver Wars.

1627

Fort Nassau at 'de Zuyd'

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Philadelphia

The

Dutch had built Fort Nassau on the eastern shores 'van de Zuydrivier' (in old Dutch); most probably in Camden. A major city was going to develop over time on the other side of the nowadays called Delaware River.

1627

'Compagnie des Cent-Associés'

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Old City Port

Cardinal Richelieu initiated a 'Compagnie des Cent-Associés'; which was in a way the birth of

New France. He did so to expand the

French colonization in the New World and to have fur trade done on a more organized level in the area around Quebec.

1625

Mohican attacked

ended in 1628
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Rensselaer County
Last of the Mohicans

Mohican villages attacked by

Mohawks (member of the

Haudenosaunee Confederacy). The Iroquois wanted to expand their hunting grounds; therefore this event is regarded as the beginning of the Beaver Wars.

1624

Fort Orange at 'de Noort-rivier'

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Albany

Fort Nassau was built on a spot which occasionaly got flooded. Therefore

Dutch colonists, at the time commanded by the WIC, had built a replacement at the Hudson River near nowadays Albany.

1622

2nd Anglo-Powhatan WAR

ended in 1632
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The second Anglo-Powhatan War started with the Indian Massacre of 1622.

1622

Indian Massacre of 1622

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Powhatan warriors and allies entered

English settlements pretending to be salesmen of goods and food. After a while they launched a ferocious surprise attack with a devastating ending.

1621

West India Company

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Amsterdam

The Republic of the Seven United Netherlands granted a trade-charter to the West India Company. The actual area where the

WIC was allowed to trade (including slave-trading?!) was the Americas; thenadays seen as the western route to India.

1620

Plymouth founded

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Plymouth
Saints & Strangers

The Mayflower Voyage brought the 1st Pilgrims to the New World; they,

Dutch and

English citizens, had to take landfall before reaching their planned destination because they were seriously running down on supplies. Despite skepticism an

English settlement was founded; they called it Plymouth.

1616

Region named New England

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New England

Whereas John Smith was one of the first leaders in Jamestown (Virginia) he was never to come back there again. Though, during his 1616-voyage he explored the coastline of nowadays Massachusetts, New Hampshire & Maine; he named this more northern region

New England.

1615

New Netherland Company

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monument

A chartered Company was actioned on the 1st of January to have

Dutch trade executed and administered on an organized level for three years so higher profits should be achieved.

1614

Dutch trade expanded

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museum

A fortified trading post, called Fort Nassau, was built at the Hudson River on Castle Island (aka Westerlo Island) near nowadays Albany and thereby extending

Dutch influence northwards. Concurrently, it was also extended southwards because C. H. van Monnickendam was chartering the area surrounding 'de Zuyd rivier'.

1614

1st Anglo-Powhatan WAR ends

started in 1609
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first final battle

After the raid of Matchcot (the new

Powhatan capital) peace was sealed by the marriage of the chiefs daughter Pocahontas to the

English colonist John Rolfe.

1613

Two Row Wampum Treaty

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Onondaga County

The

Dutch initiated trade with the

Haudenosaunee Confederacy. A Two Row Wampum Treaty was recorded: furs <=> mainly weapons.

1613

The first settlement

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Manhattan

Adrian Block founded a first

Dutch settlement on the most southern point of nowadays Manhattan and consequently explored a large surrounding area.

1610

Hudson Bay shores explored

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Hudson Bay

The

English explored the nowadays Hudson Bay shores under supervision of Henry Hudson. Most probably they might have met the inhabitants of the region; the

Cree Nation. This strategically most interesting fur trading spot was considered seriously only more than half a century later.

1609

1st Anglo-Powhatan WAR

ended in 1614
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Powhatan village

The

Englishman George Percy brutally attacked the

Powhatan capital Paspahegh by order of De La Warr; the 1st Anglo-Powhatan war was a fact.

1609

Hudson River shores explored

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Hudson river

Under supervision of the

Englishman Henry Hudson the

Dutch sailed North on the 'Noortrivier' (nowadays called the Hudson River).

1608

French founded Quebec

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Old Quebec

Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec. It was the first successful permanent settlement for

France in the New World.

1607

English established Jamestown

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Jamestown

The first permanent

English settlement in the New World: Jamestown in nowadays Virginia. Unfortunately they had built it on a swamp, trying to avoid unfriendly interactions with native people. Still though, despite health problems and an unbalanced relation with the

Powhatan people, Jamestown was going to be rather successful; mainly because of tobacco trade.

1

→

Utmost South

Catawba

Yamasee

Timucua

Calusa

Apalachee

Creek

Choctaw

Chickasaw

←

2

→

Central South

Tuscarora

Powhatan

Lenape

Susquehannock

Tutelo

Cherokee

Shawnee

Erie

←

3

→

Central North

Mohican

Nipmuc

Esopus

Wappinger

Mohegan

Pequot

Narragansett

Wampanoag

Wabanaki

Mi'kmaq

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4

Utmost North

Cree

United States of America

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The mainly Anglophone inhabitants of the first 13 colonies in the New World felt after two centuries no real emotional connection with England anymore. This, in combination with high taxation on European products, made the urge to become independent grow. In 1776 a declaration was announced and a new country was born: the

United States of America.

Cree Civilization

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From the early ages forth the

Cree nation inhabited quick and resourcefull skilled fur trappers (Okihtcitaw). They lived in an enormously large region surrounding the nowadays Hudson Bay (aka Rupert's Land).

Wabanaki Civilization

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The

Wabanaki Confederacy was extremely large concerning territory. South of the nowadays St. Lawrence River [it stretched from Vermont to Nova Scotia].

Nipmuc Civilization

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The

Nipmuc lived in the horizontal rectangle of nowadays Massachusetts.

Wampanoag Civilization

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The

Wampanoag lived in nowadays Southeast Massachusetts.

Narragansett Civilization

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The

Narragansett lived in nowadays Rhode Island.

Pequot Civilization

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The

Pequot lived in nowadays central-east Connecticut.

Mohegan Civilization

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The

Mohegan lived in nowadays central-west Connecticut.

Mohican Civilization

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Last of the Mohicans
Trevor Jones

The

Mohican (also regularly spelled as Mahican) lived on the northern shores of the nowadays called Hudson river.

Esopus Civilization

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The

Esopus lived at the river flowing through the breathtaking nowadays Catskill Mountains; a tributary of the nowadays Hudson river.

Lenape Civilization

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The

Lenape lived on the shores of the nowadays Delaware river and its tributaries [nowadays New Jersey and the utmost east of Pennsylvania]

Susquehannock Civilization

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The

Susquehannock lived in nowadays central Pennsylvania on the shores of the Siskëwahane river.

Powhatan Civilization

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The

Powhatan lived east of the Appalachians on the nowadays James river [Virginia].

Tuscarora Civilization

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The

Tuscarora lived east of the Appalachians in nowadays North-Carolina.

Yamasee Civilization

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The

Yamasee lived Southeast of the Appalachians in nowadays South Carolina.

Cherokee Civilization

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The

Cherokee lived in a rather large Appalachian mountain range area, with its center on the nowadays border of Tennessee and North-Carolina.

Shawnee Civilization

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The

Shawnee lived in the nowadays Great Ohio Valley [a region comprising parts of Ohio, Kentucky and West-Virginia].

Erie Civilization

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The

Erieehronon lived on the southern and south-eastern shores of nowadays Lake Erie [northern Ohio and western Pennsylvania].

Wenro Civilization

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The

Wenro lived south of nowadays Lake Ontario.

Chonnonton Civilization

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The

Chonnonton, aka Neutral nation, lived in the center between the Great Lakes.

Huron Civilization

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The

Huron (aka Wendat / Wyandot) lived in the region where the nowadays St. Lawrence river evolves from nowadays Lake Ontario.

Mohawk Civilization

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The

Mohawk were believed to be most fiersome. Though, this attribute could have been caused by an adjustment; they were after all amongst the first to gain possession of musketguns.

Haudenosaunee Civilization

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The

Haudenosaunee, aka Iroquois or Five Nations, comprised the following members from east to west:

Mohawk, Oneida,

Onondaga, Cayuga &

Seneca.

New Spain

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Spain arrived in Middle America in 1492, established Presidios and Missions, proselytized and/or overpowered local nations, brought shiploads of gold and silver back to Europe and claimed lands as large as it was thought it would be.

New England

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The

English had a different policy. They brought, amongst soldiers, rather soon whole families to the New World. And yes, their initial settlements grew strong more rapidly; the fundament for their succes. Besides that, most often their diplomatic attitude towards local nations was fruitfull.

New France

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The

'Coureurs des bois' were very courageous people who soon after their arrival explored large regions of land. An excellent fur trade network was soon established; it reached at its pinnacle from the Canadian tundra's to as far south as the Mexican Bay.

New Sweden

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The

Swedes were active in the area surrounding nowadays Philadelphia on the Delaware river; focus was on fur trade rather than expansion.

New Netherlands

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The

Dutch established trading posts at 'de Noort- en zuydrivier' [in nowadays New York, New Jersey and Delaware] as well as in South America. And indeed, trade was successful in the beginning.

development message:

This CIVILIZATION is yet under construction

development message:

The (post) CLASSIC ERA is not yet planned for construction

1900

2nd Formative &
Early Industrial

1800

Colonial Period
All America's

1500

200


f o r w a r d i n t i m e a SECOND FORMATIVE and an EARLY INDUSTRIAL period					f o r w a r d i n t i m e a SECOND FORMATIVE and an EARLY INDUSTRIAL period
				85
				84
Cherokee WAR	Peace of Paris the 4th of July '76 INDEPENDENCE DAY Revolutionary WAR		Cherokee WAR	83	Peace of Paris the 4th of July '76 INDEPENDENCE DAY Revolutionary WAR
				82
				81
				80
				79
				78
				77
				76
				75
		Lord Dunmore's WAR		74
				73	Boston Tea Party
				72
				71
				70	Boston massacre
				69
				68
				67	Townshend Acts
			war ended Pontiac's WAR	66	war ended Pontiac's WAR
				65		Quartering Act

						Stamp Act

				64		Sugar Act

Royal Proclamation Line				63		Royal Proclamation Line


		war ended French & Indian WAR			war ended French & Indian WAR			war ended French & Indian WAR
				62
				61
				60
				59
				58
				57
				56
				55		war ended Father Le Loutre's WAR
				54
				53
				52
				51
1750					1750			1750
				49

		Ohio Company founded		48	King George's WAR
				47
				46
				45
				44
				43
invasion of Georgia repulsed				42
				41
siege of St. Augustine repulsed				40

Fort Mose recaptured
				39
				38
				37
				36
				35
				34
Georgia founded (James Oglethorpe)				33
				32
				31
				30
		Baltimore founded for tobacco trade		29
				28
				27
				26
				25		Dummer's WAR
				24
				23
				22
				21
				20
				19
New Orleans founded (J.B. Le Moyne)		'Blackbeard' ambushed		18
ended Yamasee WAR				17
				16
			ended Tuscarora WAR	15
				14
	war ended Queen Anne's WAR			13	war ended Queen Anne's WAR
				12
				11
				10
				09
				08
				07
				06
				05
				04
				03
				02
				01	The Great Peace of Montreal
1700					1700
				99
				98
				97	war ended King William's WAR
				96
				95
				94
		College of William & Mary		93
				92
				91
				90
				89
				88
				87
				86
				85
				84
				83
				82
		Pennsylvania granted (by Charles II)		81
				80
				79
				78
		Susquehannock defeated by Iroquois		77
		Bacon's Rebellion		76	King Philip's WAR (Metacomet)
				75	King Philip's WAR (Metacomet)
1675					1675
		Treaties signed (Iroquois & English)		74	Treaties signed (Iroquois & English)

		'Nieuw Nederland' permanently to New England			'Nieuw Nederland' permanently to New England
				73	Restoration 'Nieuw Nederland'	dimished The Kings Daughters (Louis XIV)
				72
				71
Charlestown founded South-Carolina				70			Hudson Bay Company founded
				69
				68
				67
				66
				65
				64	Dutch Colonists surrendered
Province of Carolina officialy founded		Susquehannock repulsed the Iroquois		63

					2nd Esopus WAR
				62
				61
				60	1st Esopus WAR
				59	1st Esopus WAR
				58
				57
San Luis de Talimali 1st Mission in Florida		Eriehronon defeated Iroquois attacked Eriehronon		56
			Dutch ended New Sweden permanently	55

					Peach Tree WAR
			Fort Casimir captured	54
				53	Wallstreet
				52
		Fort Casimir built		51
				50	the Chonnonton defeated by Iroquois
1650					1650
				49	the Huron defeated by Iroquois
				48	the Huron defeated by Iroquois
				47
		Fort Henry built		46

		war ended Anglo- Powhatan 3rd WAR
				45	The Dutch broken Kieft's WAR
				44
				43
				43	slaughter of the innocents
				42	Montreal founded (Paul de Chomedey)
				41
		enslavement in Virginia		40
				39
		Fort Christina built		38

					Wenro attacked by Iroquois	Pequot WAR
				37
				36	Rhode Island
				35	Connecticut founded (John Winthrop Jr.)
		settled in Maryland (Cecil Calvert)		34	Trois-Rivières permanently settled
				33
		war ended Anglo-Powhatan 2nd WAR		32
				31
				30	Puritans founded Massachusetts (John Winthrop)

			Charter of Freedoms & Exemptions	29	Charter of Freedoms & Exemptions

					English founded New Hampshire

				28	Mohican defeated Mohican attacked by Mohawks
			Fort Nassau built at 'de Zuyd'	27		Compagnie des Cent- Associés
				26
				25

1625			1625		1625
				24	Fort Orange built 'aan de Noort-rivier'
				23
				22
		Indian Massacre of 1622		22
		West India Company granted a charter		21	West India Company granted a charter
				20	1st Pilgrims founded Plymouth (Mayflower Voyage)
				19
				18
				17
				16	Region named New England (John Smith)
		New Netherland Company		15	New Netherland Company
		war ended Anglo- Powhatan 1st WAR	trade regions expanded	14	trade regions expanded

				13	2 Row Wampum Treaty (furs <=> weapons)

					origins of New Amsterdam
				12
				11
				10			English explored Hudson Bay Shores (Henry Hudson)
				09	Dutch explored 'de Noort-rivier' (Henry Hudson)
				08	French founded Quebec (Samuel de Champlain)
		English established Jamestown		07
				06
				05
				04
				03
				02
				01
1600					1600

Haudenosaunee	Mohican	Cree
Mohawk	Esopus	Wabanaki
Seneca	Lenape	Nipmuc
Huron	Susquehannock	Wampanoag
Chonnonton	Powhatan	Narragansett
Wenro	Tuscarora	Pequot
Erie	Yamasee	Mohegan
Shawnee	Cherokee

New France	New Netherlands	New England
New Spain	New Sweden	US of America